Arya Kings of Kaliyuga-I
Arya Kings
Samrat Chandargupt Maurya
Empire of Chandargupt Maurya
After the down fall of Brihadrath Dynasty Aryavrata again was divided in many small Arya and Dasuyas Kingdom. Time went on and gradually Brahmi script and Pali language developed in India. Pali language was liberally used to write the tenets of Buddhism. The prime Vedic civilization of Bharatvarsh would have been concentrated in Mathura, Allahabad and Varanasi areas which were always the center of Bhartiya culture and scriptural education. Where as dasuyas remained around Sindhu (Indus) river.
As the years passed Aryas regained their status of rulers of Aryavrata a number of "Aryan" kingdoms or enclaves spread in the Northern and Eastern parts of Aryavarata, by that time due to floods in Sindhu river most of the dasuyas migrated to Southern part of Aryavrata. Kashi, the capital of this degenerated Vedic orthodoxy, was its westernmost outpost! It was this catastrophic war that brought on the Kaliyug. A whole world had collapsed. Time came to a stop. The Alexander Invasion on Aryavarata is termed as a new phase in Arya Culture. From this invasion arose yet an another Aryan Kingdom under Chandar Gupt Mauraya.Chandragupta, with the help Chanakya (Kautilya), who is also known as the Indian Machiavelli, destroyed the Nanda rulers of Magadha and established the Mauryan empire. It is said that Chanakya met Chandragupta in the Vindhya forest, after being insulted by the Nanda king.
Alexander's invasion prompted Aryas to develop a centralised state. Chandragupta declared war and defeated Selucus Nicator, the Macedonian ruler of the Northwestern territories captured by Alexander the Great.
Along with the the astute advice of Chanakya, Chandragupta also seized Punjab, Kabul, Khandahar, Gandhara, Persia, Babylon, Asyria and Upper parts of Arabia from Seluces. Seluces' daughter was married to Chandragupta.
"Selucus failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai (Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qanadahar) and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), Minor Asia (Iran,Iraq,Syria, Jordan, Khazakistan) in return for 500 elephants. The treaty was probably cemented by a marriage contract and a small Temple in Arbistan and Greece . A Greek envoy was accredited to the Court of Pataliputra."
- An Advanced History of Asia and S. Europe
by RC Majumdar, HC Raychaudhri, Golnar Mehran & Dr. Abdul-Moti Bayoumi
The most important result of this treaty was that Chandragupta's fame spread far and wide and his empire was recognised as a great power in the western countries. The kings of Egypt and Greece sent ambassadors to the Mauryan Court.
Chandragupta's birth
Chandragupta Maurya's origins according to other sources, Chandragupta Maurya was the son of a defamed Prince under the ruler Nanada. Chandragupta was of the Maurya tribe of Kshatriyas.
Mauryan Administration
Maurya empire was the first really large and powerful centralised state in India. It was very well governed, with tempered autocracy at the top and democracy at the city and village levels. Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador at the court of Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra, had expressed his admiration for the efficient administration of the empire. His book 'Indica' is a collection of comments of other Roman & Greek travelers, and Megasthenes wrote about the prosperity of the Mauryan cities.
He further reported that agriculture was healthy, water abundant and mineral wealth was in plenty. Speaking of the general prosperity, Megasthenes wrote, "the Indians, dressed in bright and rich colors, they liberally used ornaments and gems." He also spoke of the division of society according to occupation. He also made all the forgieners to reside beyond the sindu river in the lands of Kandhara so that Arya civilization is not affected by the forgieners. He also constructed temples in Arabia and Persia.
Chandragupta Maurya's son Bindusara became the new Mauryan Emperor by inheriting an empire including the Hindukush, Narmada, Vindhyas, Mysore, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, Assam, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Persia and Syria. But his empire could not last in Persia, Afghanistan and Syria.
Monday, 14 November 2011
FIRST FASE OF KALAYUGA
Arya Kings of Kaliyuga
Arya Kings
King Sanjit of Brihadrath Dynasty
King Sanjit was the first Emperor of United Aryavrata in Kaliyuga. He regathered Aryas which were shaken by the Mhabharta War. The Aryan civilization that was on decline was errected again by Great King Sanjit of Brihadrath dynasty Although his name is lost in Indian History. While in Purana and Kurdish History was known to be a great conqueror, who at one point controlled one of the greatest Empires ever seen, he is best remembered for his unprecedented tolerance and magnanimous attitude towards those he defeated.
Upon his victory over the over several repulic kingdoms of North West and South Aryavrata he founded a government for his new kingdom, incorporating both Aryas and Dasuyas nobles as civilian officials. The conquest of Aryavrata Minor completed, he led his armies to the western frontiers. Perisa was the first one to fall under the hands of King Sanjit.
Then King moved to Babylon which fell under a fight of merely three hours. The Arabs smoothed and cleared a vast level plain near near Babylon.The Arab cavalry outflanked Sanjit's left and captured his camp. But, with a charge which he led himself, Sanjit routed Arabs, and the Arabs Army retired to the west.
News of Arya King coming with thousands of Elephants and Horses went to Assyria and Arabian Penusila as a result Arabs and Jewish communities surrendered with ease.
It is believed as per Kurdish History that King appointed a Arab to Govern the Arabia and returned back to Aryavrat. He stayed in Arabia for one year and constructed Brahma Temple in Mecca.
King Sanjit came close to Persian in his journey to conquer Asia West and as a result he married a Persian Girl from Teispes dynasty. He appointed his son from Persian wife as the Governer of Persia and returned back to Aryavrata.
Sanjit then became busy with the organization and administration of his empire. At the height of his power, his realm stretched from the Outer Arabia to Eastern India from Vindyachal to Tamil Naidu of South India. He planned to make Aryas and Dasuyas one Giant power.
To achieve his goal, Sanjit encouraged intermarriages, setting an example by marrying a Dasuyan princess himself. But this idea was not liked by the priests of Dasuayas and that led to the downfall of King Sanjit who died mystriously.
Arya Kings
King Sanjit of Brihadrath Dynasty
King Sanjit was the first Emperor of United Aryavrata in Kaliyuga. He regathered Aryas which were shaken by the Mhabharta War. The Aryan civilization that was on decline was errected again by Great King Sanjit of Brihadrath dynasty Although his name is lost in Indian History. While in Purana and Kurdish History was known to be a great conqueror, who at one point controlled one of the greatest Empires ever seen, he is best remembered for his unprecedented tolerance and magnanimous attitude towards those he defeated.
Upon his victory over the over several repulic kingdoms of North West and South Aryavrata he founded a government for his new kingdom, incorporating both Aryas and Dasuyas nobles as civilian officials. The conquest of Aryavrata Minor completed, he led his armies to the western frontiers. Perisa was the first one to fall under the hands of King Sanjit.
Then King moved to Babylon which fell under a fight of merely three hours. The Arabs smoothed and cleared a vast level plain near near Babylon.The Arab cavalry outflanked Sanjit's left and captured his camp. But, with a charge which he led himself, Sanjit routed Arabs, and the Arabs Army retired to the west.
News of Arya King coming with thousands of Elephants and Horses went to Assyria and Arabian Penusila as a result Arabs and Jewish communities surrendered with ease.
It is believed as per Kurdish History that King appointed a Arab to Govern the Arabia and returned back to Aryavrat. He stayed in Arabia for one year and constructed Brahma Temple in Mecca.
King Sanjit came close to Persian in his journey to conquer Asia West and as a result he married a Persian Girl from Teispes dynasty. He appointed his son from Persian wife as the Governer of Persia and returned back to Aryavrata.
Sanjit then became busy with the organization and administration of his empire. At the height of his power, his realm stretched from the Outer Arabia to Eastern India from Vindyachal to Tamil Naidu of South India. He planned to make Aryas and Dasuyas one Giant power.
To achieve his goal, Sanjit encouraged intermarriages, setting an example by marrying a Dasuyan princess himself. But this idea was not liked by the priests of Dasuayas and that led to the downfall of King Sanjit who died mystriously.
Arya Kings of Kaliyuga-III
Arya Kings
Samrat Vikramaditya
Empire of Vikramaditya
Area inbetween red lines is the empire of Vikramaditya
By the 140 BC political and military turmoil destroyed the Maurayan empire in the north and many kingdoms in the south India. Many Kingdoms emerged at that time. These small kingdoms had good relation with each other and Aryavrata was not doing that badly economicaly. Years passed and again Aryavrata economy rised like a giant, At this juncture, India was invaded by a series of foreigners and barbarians or Mlechchhas from the north western frontier region and central Asia. It signaled the emergance of a leader, a divine soul , Arya Vikramaditya, he successfully combated the foreign invasion and laid foundation of Vardhan Empire and took the throne of Unified Aryavrata. He founded a government for his new kingdom, incorporating both Vedic and Puranic Scholars. The conquest of Kandhara completed, he led his armies to the western frontiers. Further west, he conquered Persia and Babylon. After defeating Babylon he took on the turks which fell like a piece of cake under his belt.
The victories of Babylon, Persia, Turks led him again to the Arabia and sounded the hour for attack on Arabia. When he conquered Arabia, he did so to cheers from the Jewish and Arab Community, who welcomed him as a liberator. He showed great forbearance and respect towards the religious beliefs and cultural traditions of other races. These qualities earned him the respect and homage of all the people over whom he ruled.
The victory over Arabia expressed all the facets of the policy of conciliation which Vikramaditya had followed until then. He presented himself not as a conqueror, but a liberator and the legitimate successor to the crown. He took the title of "King of Aryavrata and Liberator of the Arabs, Turks and Jews". Vikramditya had no thought of forcing conquered people into a single mould, and had the wisdom to leave unchanged the institution of each kingdom he attached to the Aryavrata Crown. Vikramaditya was upright, a great leader of men, generous and benevolent. He spread the Vedic Culture in the land of Arabia. He also reconstructed the temple of Brahma and Mahesh and placed a Jiyotarlinga there. Several other Vedic Temples were made in Babylon, Arabistan, Persia and Turkistan. He brought education in form of reform schools to tribal Arabs. For the first time they god a King that cared for the inhabitants of his Empire. Arabs, Kurds and Persians saw him as 'the annointed of the Lord'.
After the 4 year of Wars that saw whole west Asia under the belt of Vikramaditya Empire he stayed for a year in Arabia till the Mahadev Temple was not completely reconstructed. Temple was first constructed by King Sanjit. After appointing a Arab as the Governor he returned back to Aryavrata where many Vedic Rishis complained about the Barbarian Cinas People attacking Rishis in Himalyas.
This signaled out the war against Cinas (China). Cinas considered themselves equal to Aryas as they were descendents of Ayu, son of Arya King Pururava but they were no behaving the ways Aryas do. The had become Barbarian and were attacking Rishis of Aryavrata. This led Vikramaditya to launch massive operation against them. The Han and Kushan Dynasty came to knew the plans of Vikramaditya. They reunited themselves and prepared themselves to stop Vikramaditya. From Kashmir during the winter of 7179 BC, Vikramaditya moves to North through Aksai toward valley of the Tibet, and met the formidable defense there. Vikramaditya brought his troops, snow and very cold climate. It was the test of courage of his troops which stood like a rock with him till the Kushans and Hans were forced to move back after a battle that continued for 5 days. After breaking the first formidable line of defense, Vikramditya moved to the interiors of Cinas which folded like a aluminum foil. Finally King Vikramditya had concluded his campaign against Cinas which resulted in unconditional surrender of Han and Kushan empire. Vikramditya opened many Vedic schools in Cinas. After 1 year Vikramditya returned back to Aryavrata. He appointed Han and Kushan dynasty as the governors of Cinas. The Cinas, whom he conquered regarded him as 'Law-giver'. Later he moved to Lanka which fell like a piece of cake.
The reign of Vikramaditya is truly be considered as the golden age of classical Indian history. His vast empire controlled areas like Modern Arabian peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Some parts of turkey, China, Afghanistan, Korea, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Burma, Khazakistan and Srilanka.
Prior to his death, he founded a new capital city at Ujjain in Aryavrata and had established a government for his Empire. He appointed a governor to represent him in each province, however the administration, legislation, and cultural activities of each province was the responsibility of the Governors.
An Advanced History of Asia and S. Europe
by RC Majumdar, HC Raychaudhri, Golnar Mehran & Dr. Abdul-Moti Bayoumi
Glancing through some research material recently, I was pleasantly surprised to come across a reference to a king Vikramaditya inscription found in the Kaaba in Mecca proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire.
The text of the crucial Vikramaditya inscription, found inscribed on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, is found recorded on page 315 of a volume known as Sayar-ul-Okul treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey. Rendered in free English the inscription says:
"Fortunate are those who were born (and lived) during king Vikrams reign. He was a noble, generous dutiful ruler, devoted to the welfare of his subjects. But at that time we Arabs, oblivious of God, were lost in sensual pleasures. Plotting and torture were rampant. The darkness of ignorance had enveloped our country. Like the lamb struggling for her life in the cruel paws of a wolf we Arabs were caught up in ignorance. The entire country was enveloped in a darkness so intense as on a new moon night. But the present dawn and pleasant sunshine of education is the result of the favour of the noble king Vikramaditya whose benevolent supervision did not lose sight of us- foreigners as we were. He spread his sacred religion amongst us and sent scholars whose brilliance shone like that of the sun from his country to ours. These scholars and preceptors through whose benevolence we were once again made cognisant of the presence of God, introduced to His sacred existence and put on the road of Truth, had come to our country to preach their religion and impart education at king Vikramadityas behest."
For those who would like to read the Arabic wording I reproduce it hereunder in Roman script:
"Itrashaphai Santu Ibikramatul Phahalameen Karimun Yartapheeha Wayosassaru Bihillahaya Samaini Ela Motakabberen Sihillaha Yuhee Quid min howa Yapakhara phajjal asari nahone osirom bayjayhalem. Yundan blabin Kajan blnaya khtoryaha sadunya kanateph netephi bejehalin Atadari bilamasa- rateen phakef tasabuhu kaunnieja majekaralhada walador. As hmiman burukankad toluho watastaru hihila Yakajibaymana balay kulk amarena phaneya jaunabilamary Bikramatum".
Further while researching I got one more surprise in 'A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones'. Chapter 3
Around 77 BC Sub-Continent was invaded by a series of foreigners from the north western frontier region and central Asia. It signaled the emergance of a leader, Arya Vikramaditya, he successfully combated the foreign invasion and laid foundation of Vardhan Empire and took the throne of Unified Sub-Continent.
The conquest of western frontiers completed he led his armies to the Northern frontiers. Further North , he conquered China and Mangolia. After defeating Chinese he took on the Mongols which fell like a piece of cake under his belt. The victories of China and Mongolia led him to Russia where for the first time his army felt weak. A treaty was signed as Vikramaditya withdrew his forces from Russia. Treaty concluded with Vikramaditya will spread Vedic thoughts through out Russia and Russians will pay him tax. He showed great forbearance and respect towards the religious beliefs and cultural traditions of other races. These qualities earned him the respect and homage of all the people over whom he ruled. People of Russia and Mongolia were living in dark ages. Vikramaditya brought several reforms to the far away land.
Those want orginal text its like as follows:
77 . () . emergance , , () sardan .
, . , . , Vikramaditya . , Vikramaditya , Vedic , . () (). () , . . Vikramaditya .
Arya Kings
Samrat Vikramaditya
Empire of Vikramaditya
Area inbetween red lines is the empire of Vikramaditya
By the 140 BC political and military turmoil destroyed the Maurayan empire in the north and many kingdoms in the south India. Many Kingdoms emerged at that time. These small kingdoms had good relation with each other and Aryavrata was not doing that badly economicaly. Years passed and again Aryavrata economy rised like a giant, At this juncture, India was invaded by a series of foreigners and barbarians or Mlechchhas from the north western frontier region and central Asia. It signaled the emergance of a leader, a divine soul , Arya Vikramaditya, he successfully combated the foreign invasion and laid foundation of Vardhan Empire and took the throne of Unified Aryavrata. He founded a government for his new kingdom, incorporating both Vedic and Puranic Scholars. The conquest of Kandhara completed, he led his armies to the western frontiers. Further west, he conquered Persia and Babylon. After defeating Babylon he took on the turks which fell like a piece of cake under his belt.
The victories of Babylon, Persia, Turks led him again to the Arabia and sounded the hour for attack on Arabia. When he conquered Arabia, he did so to cheers from the Jewish and Arab Community, who welcomed him as a liberator. He showed great forbearance and respect towards the religious beliefs and cultural traditions of other races. These qualities earned him the respect and homage of all the people over whom he ruled.
The victory over Arabia expressed all the facets of the policy of conciliation which Vikramaditya had followed until then. He presented himself not as a conqueror, but a liberator and the legitimate successor to the crown. He took the title of "King of Aryavrata and Liberator of the Arabs, Turks and Jews". Vikramditya had no thought of forcing conquered people into a single mould, and had the wisdom to leave unchanged the institution of each kingdom he attached to the Aryavrata Crown. Vikramaditya was upright, a great leader of men, generous and benevolent. He spread the Vedic Culture in the land of Arabia. He also reconstructed the temple of Brahma and Mahesh and placed a Jiyotarlinga there. Several other Vedic Temples were made in Babylon, Arabistan, Persia and Turkistan. He brought education in form of reform schools to tribal Arabs. For the first time they god a King that cared for the inhabitants of his Empire. Arabs, Kurds and Persians saw him as 'the annointed of the Lord'.
After the 4 year of Wars that saw whole west Asia under the belt of Vikramaditya Empire he stayed for a year in Arabia till the Mahadev Temple was not completely reconstructed. Temple was first constructed by King Sanjit. After appointing a Arab as the Governor he returned back to Aryavrata where many Vedic Rishis complained about the Barbarian Cinas People attacking Rishis in Himalyas.
This signaled out the war against Cinas (China). Cinas considered themselves equal to Aryas as they were descendents of Ayu, son of Arya King Pururava but they were no behaving the ways Aryas do. The had become Barbarian and were attacking Rishis of Aryavrata. This led Vikramaditya to launch massive operation against them. The Han and Kushan Dynasty came to knew the plans of Vikramaditya. They reunited themselves and prepared themselves to stop Vikramaditya. From Kashmir during the winter of 7179 BC, Vikramaditya moves to North through Aksai toward valley of the Tibet, and met the formidable defense there. Vikramaditya brought his troops, snow and very cold climate. It was the test of courage of his troops which stood like a rock with him till the Kushans and Hans were forced to move back after a battle that continued for 5 days. After breaking the first formidable line of defense, Vikramditya moved to the interiors of Cinas which folded like a aluminum foil. Finally King Vikramditya had concluded his campaign against Cinas which resulted in unconditional surrender of Han and Kushan empire. Vikramditya opened many Vedic schools in Cinas. After 1 year Vikramditya returned back to Aryavrata. He appointed Han and Kushan dynasty as the governors of Cinas. The Cinas, whom he conquered regarded him as 'Law-giver'. Later he moved to Lanka which fell like a piece of cake.
The reign of Vikramaditya is truly be considered as the golden age of classical Indian history. His vast empire controlled areas like Modern Arabian peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Some parts of turkey, China, Afghanistan, Korea, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Burma, Khazakistan and Srilanka.
Prior to his death, he founded a new capital city at Ujjain in Aryavrata and had established a government for his Empire. He appointed a governor to represent him in each province, however the administration, legislation, and cultural activities of each province was the responsibility of the Governors.
An Advanced History of Asia and S. Europe
by RC Majumdar, HC Raychaudhri, Golnar Mehran & Dr. Abdul-Moti Bayoumi
Glancing through some research material recently, I was pleasantly surprised to come across a reference to a king Vikramaditya inscription found in the Kaaba in Mecca proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire.
The text of the crucial Vikramaditya inscription, found inscribed on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, is found recorded on page 315 of a volume known as Sayar-ul-Okul treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey. Rendered in free English the inscription says:
"Fortunate are those who were born (and lived) during king Vikrams reign. He was a noble, generous dutiful ruler, devoted to the welfare of his subjects. But at that time we Arabs, oblivious of God, were lost in sensual pleasures. Plotting and torture were rampant. The darkness of ignorance had enveloped our country. Like the lamb struggling for her life in the cruel paws of a wolf we Arabs were caught up in ignorance. The entire country was enveloped in a darkness so intense as on a new moon night. But the present dawn and pleasant sunshine of education is the result of the favour of the noble king Vikramaditya whose benevolent supervision did not lose sight of us- foreigners as we were. He spread his sacred religion amongst us and sent scholars whose brilliance shone like that of the sun from his country to ours. These scholars and preceptors through whose benevolence we were once again made cognisant of the presence of God, introduced to His sacred existence and put on the road of Truth, had come to our country to preach their religion and impart education at king Vikramadityas behest."
For those who would like to read the Arabic wording I reproduce it hereunder in Roman script:
"Itrashaphai Santu Ibikramatul Phahalameen Karimun Yartapheeha Wayosassaru Bihillahaya Samaini Ela Motakabberen Sihillaha Yuhee Quid min howa Yapakhara phajjal asari nahone osirom bayjayhalem. Yundan blabin Kajan blnaya khtoryaha sadunya kanateph netephi bejehalin Atadari bilamasa- rateen phakef tasabuhu kaunnieja majekaralhada walador. As hmiman burukankad toluho watastaru hihila Yakajibaymana balay kulk amarena phaneya jaunabilamary Bikramatum".
Further while researching I got one more surprise in 'A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones'. Chapter 3
Around 77 BC Sub-Continent was invaded by a series of foreigners from the north western frontier region and central Asia. It signaled the emergance of a leader, Arya Vikramaditya, he successfully combated the foreign invasion and laid foundation of Vardhan Empire and took the throne of Unified Sub-Continent.
The conquest of western frontiers completed he led his armies to the Northern frontiers. Further North , he conquered China and Mangolia. After defeating Chinese he took on the Mongols which fell like a piece of cake under his belt. The victories of China and Mongolia led him to Russia where for the first time his army felt weak. A treaty was signed as Vikramaditya withdrew his forces from Russia. Treaty concluded with Vikramaditya will spread Vedic thoughts through out Russia and Russians will pay him tax. He showed great forbearance and respect towards the religious beliefs and cultural traditions of other races. These qualities earned him the respect and homage of all the people over whom he ruled. People of Russia and Mongolia were living in dark ages. Vikramaditya brought several reforms to the far away land.
Those want orginal text its like as follows:
77 . () . emergance , , () sardan .
, . , . , Vikramaditya . , Vikramaditya , Vedic , . () (). () , . . Vikramaditya .
Saturday, 5 November 2011
VAIKUNTH CHATURDASI
Vaikuntha Chaturdasi is observed on the 14th day of the waxing phase of moon (Shukla Paksha) in Kartik month. The day is dedicated to relationship of Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva. It is believed that Lord Shiva gifted the Sudarshana Chakra to Lord Vishnu on this day. Vaikuntha Chaturdasi 2011 date is November 9.
Legend has it that Lord Vishnu one day decided to visit Lord Shiva who was residing at Kashi. Lord Vishnu collected 1000 lotus flowers from Manasarovar to offer it on the Shivaling at Kashi by reciting the 1000 names of Shiva.
After collecting the flowers from Manasarovar in the Himalayas, Lord Vishnu reached Kashi and was warmly welcomed by Lord Shiva. Lord Vishnu then began to offer the flowers one by one to the Shivling at Kashi. He chanted a name of Lord Shiva and offered one lotus flower.
Lord Vishnu was fully absorbed in the process and Lord Shiva decided to test Him and removed one lotus flower that Lord Vishnu had brought and hid it.
Lord Vishnu chanted the 1000th name of Shiva and when he looked for the 1000th lotus flower it was missing.
Immediately Lord Vishnu realized that He is known to his devotees as Kamalakanan – the lotus eyed. So he offered one of his eyes instead of the last Lotus.
Shiva was moved by this devotion of Lord Vishnu and immediately hugged Vishnu and thus restoring his eye.
Lord Shiva then presented the Sudarshana Chakra to Vishnu to fight evil and accepted him as the supreme commander of the three worlds and one who sustains all living and nonliving beings.
Lord Vishnu and Shiva are worshipped on the day and people observe Vaikunda Chaturdashi Upvas. Some people opt for a fast from sunrise to sunset.
Legend has it that Lord Vishnu one day decided to visit Lord Shiva who was residing at Kashi. Lord Vishnu collected 1000 lotus flowers from Manasarovar to offer it on the Shivaling at Kashi by reciting the 1000 names of Shiva.
After collecting the flowers from Manasarovar in the Himalayas, Lord Vishnu reached Kashi and was warmly welcomed by Lord Shiva. Lord Vishnu then began to offer the flowers one by one to the Shivling at Kashi. He chanted a name of Lord Shiva and offered one lotus flower.
Lord Vishnu was fully absorbed in the process and Lord Shiva decided to test Him and removed one lotus flower that Lord Vishnu had brought and hid it.
Lord Vishnu chanted the 1000th name of Shiva and when he looked for the 1000th lotus flower it was missing.
Immediately Lord Vishnu realized that He is known to his devotees as Kamalakanan – the lotus eyed. So he offered one of his eyes instead of the last Lotus.
Shiva was moved by this devotion of Lord Vishnu and immediately hugged Vishnu and thus restoring his eye.
Lord Shiva then presented the Sudarshana Chakra to Vishnu to fight evil and accepted him as the supreme commander of the three worlds and one who sustains all living and nonliving beings.
Lord Vishnu and Shiva are worshipped on the day and people observe Vaikunda Chaturdashi Upvas. Some people opt for a fast from sunrise to sunset.
Utthana Ekadasi, or Prabodhini Ekadashi, is observed during the waxing phase of moon in the month of Kartik (October – November). In 2011, the date of Utthana Ekadasi or Dev Prabodhini Ekadashi is November 6. The importance of Dev Prabodhini Ekadasi narrated to Sage Narada by Brahma. The divine conversation is found in the Skanda Purana. Observing this Ekadasi is believed to help in getting rid of the guilt associated with sins committed and is also a path to liberation (Moksha). Ekadasi is an important fast dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
The famous Tulsi Vivah festival is performed on the day by some communities and also on the day after Ekadasi in some regions. The Chatur Mas period also ends with Prabodhini Ekadashi. The famous Kartik Month Pandarpur Yatra also concludes on the day.
All the normal rules associated with Ekadasi fasting are observed on the day.
Utthana Ekadasi, which falls in the Kartik month, is considered highly auspicious by Lord Vishnu devotees. Staunch Vishnu devotees observe a rigid fast on the day by skipping food and staying awake during night. Majority of the people take one meal mostly in the evening and visit shrines dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
The famous Tulsi Vivah festival is performed on the day by some communities and also on the day after Ekadasi in some regions. The Chatur Mas period also ends with Prabodhini Ekadashi. The famous Kartik Month Pandarpur Yatra also concludes on the day.
All the normal rules associated with Ekadasi fasting are observed on the day.
Utthana Ekadasi, which falls in the Kartik month, is considered highly auspicious by Lord Vishnu devotees. Staunch Vishnu devotees observe a rigid fast on the day by skipping food and staying awake during night. Majority of the people take one meal mostly in the evening and visit shrines dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
Tuesday, 1 November 2011
Madhubani paintings form an integral part of Indian folk paintings. Also known as mithila paintings, these depict an ancient art form which holds a rich significance and background to it. Discussed under are the varied details and in-depth information about madhubani folk art paintings. Read on to know more about this particular form of indian paintings:
One of the many traditional Indian art forms is 'Madhubani Paintings' also known as 'Mithila Paintings'. Madhubani paintings art, named after the village Madhubani(Bihar), where it is practiced, find their origin in Indian epic Ramayna. The art was originally practiced by females only, serving as a creative expression tool for everyday lives and happenings. Following the belief that Gods visit each house in the morning, the art primarily donned the walls and doors, intending to please the Gods. Traditionally done on freshly plastered mud wall of huts these paintings,overtime, graduated to cloth, hand-made paper and canvas. Now-a-days one can find Madhubani paintings online as well.
Madhubani paintings are also also popular as Maithili, Chitra and Godhna figure paintings. It is said that Madhubani paintings originated during the Ramayana age when king Janak รข€“ ruler of Mithila made people paint the floors and walls of their houses on the occasion of his daughter- Sita's wedding to Lord Raam. Mithila or Madhubani district of Bihar is the actual hub of Madhubani paintings as long years back it all started from this particular humble region only. Eventually this artform spread to the adjacent districts of Madhubani like Rasidpur, Bacchi, Jetwarpur, Ranti, Rajangarh, etc as well.
One of the many traditional Indian art forms is 'Madhubani Paintings' also known as 'Mithila Paintings'. Madhubani paintings art, named after the village Madhubani(Bihar), where it is practiced, find their origin in Indian epic Ramayna. The art was originally practiced by females only, serving as a creative expression tool for everyday lives and happenings. Following the belief that Gods visit each house in the morning, the art primarily donned the walls and doors, intending to please the Gods. Traditionally done on freshly plastered mud wall of huts these paintings,overtime, graduated to cloth, hand-made paper and canvas. Now-a-days one can find Madhubani paintings online as well.
Madhubani paintings are also also popular as Maithili, Chitra and Godhna figure paintings. It is said that Madhubani paintings originated during the Ramayana age when king Janak รข€“ ruler of Mithila made people paint the floors and walls of their houses on the occasion of his daughter- Sita's wedding to Lord Raam. Mithila or Madhubani district of Bihar is the actual hub of Madhubani paintings as long years back it all started from this particular humble region only. Eventually this artform spread to the adjacent districts of Madhubani like Rasidpur, Bacchi, Jetwarpur, Ranti, Rajangarh, etc as well.
MAITHILI FOLK SONGS
Wisdom songs: Every song reflects wisdom of the people but there are some specific songs that explain how people retain their knowledge system consciously and there are some dietic and social restrictions to be followed every month. Such proscriptions are being retained through songs. One such example is given below in a Barahmasa:
Do not consume leafy vegetables in the month of Savan and curd in Bhadab.
Keep away from the dewdrops in Aswin and avoid eating buttermilk in Kartik
Avoid the use of cumin-seed in Agahan and Coriander in Pusa.
Avoid sugar candy in Magh and gram in Phalgun.
Do not consume raw-sugar in Chait and rub mustard oil in Baishakh.
Keep away from the direct sun-heat in Jetha and avoid eating wood-apple in Asadha.
Those who follow these proscriptions strictly never need to consult a doctor and get the medicine, says the great doctor Dhanwantari.
Devotional songs: Devotional songs are then further categorized as follows:
a) Bhajan and Kirtan ‘"-- sung generally in praise of Lord Vishnu, Ganga, Shiva and Shakti.
b) Prati (Morning songs) -Reverential songs sung in the morning in praise of gods and goddesses. The major varieties of the Prati include Bhairavi, Jajamanti, Vihaga etc.
c) Gosaunik-git and Bhagabati-git -sung generally in praise of the family deities.
d) Songs of Shiva -These are further classified as i) Nachari, in which a devotee by singing and dancing explains her helplessness to the Lord and ii) Mahesbani, in which the story of Shiva and his family members are narrated.
e) The mendicant’s songs: These are the songs of the beggars or helpless. The texts express the disabled condition and distress of the singer.
Songs of love and beauty: Some songs express the inner most feelings of a lover or beloved. The most important type of such songs is called Iirahut. These are sung on ritual occasions as well as in leisure time. All aspects of love affairs are unfolded through these melodious sweet and touching songs. Iirahuts are songs on separation as well as union. The songs of this category include: Batgamani: It portrays the beloved in abhisara mainly during the point of time when she goes to meet her lover. It is sung in a peculiar melody; Gwalari: Thes are the songs of Gopis, the cowherd women that depict the sports and youthful pranks of Krishna in their company; Raasa: These are again songs that deal with Krishna’s sportive Lilas with Gopis,. Maana: These songs represent a sort of dramatic lyric and also depict the annoyance of Strimaana and request to mend matters with the Purushmaana. Besides this, Caravan songs, and folk - dramatic songs etc., also fall un
Maithili folk songs
The most important and common type of lyrical folk songs in Maithili is Tirhuti.It represents the most popular and successful indigenous lyrical expression of Tirhut and is the richest of all classes of Maithili songs.All aspects of love affairs are unfolded therein.They sing of separation as well as of union.The Tirhuti has following classifications:-
(I)Batagamani--It portrays the nayika(heroine) in abhisar, when she goes to meet her lover.It is sung out in a melody.Most of the songs are attributed to have been written by Vidyapati.
(II)Goalari--It depicts the sports and youthful pranks of Krishna in the companies of Gopis of which poet Nandipati is most successful.
(III)Raas--It deals with Krishna'ssportive lilas with Gopis.The most important writer of Ras is Sahebram Das.The influence of Brajabhasa is conspicuously perceptiblein such songs.
(IV)Maana--It represents a sort of dramatic lyric depicting the annoyance of the beloved and the request of the lovers to mend matters .Umapati is the best writer of Maana.
Other important songs are
Samadauni,Lagani,Chaitabara,Malara,Yoga,Uchiti,Sohara,Choumasa and devotional songs like Nachari,Maheshvani,Gosaunik geet and Visnupada.
(I)Samadauni:-On the occasion of the Navaratri,it is sung to bid adieu to goddess Durga.It is sung to bid farewell to ones own daughter when she goes to her husband's house after marriage.All important functions end with the singing of this song,popularly known as Bidai song.Gananath Jha and Vindhyanath Jha have made important contributions in this field.
(II)Lagani:--It is sung by village women folk in the early hours of morning while grinding grains.The classical type of Lagani embodies 4-5 stanzas.Gananath Jha has used it as a medium of fine poetry.
.(III)Chaitabar--It represents a class of foik poetry and conveys emotions of love in the month of Chaitra.(March-April) It is also known as Chaiti.
(IV)Malara--It is a seasonal song,sung generally in the dry and rainy seasons,having a distinct raga.
(V)Yoga--It is sung to bind the bridegroom and thebride,even lover beloved,by divine incantations.
(VI)Uchiti--It is sung to convey the courtsey of the host to the distinguished visitor.The Yoga and Uchiti are the two peculiar classes of Maithili songs.These two songs have both literary and folk types.The Yoga songs can be traced back to the days of Vidyapati.
Sohara,Barahmasa and Choumasa are the familiar types of all vernacular poetry and are found in almost all the languages of Bihar.
Sohar represents the birth songs.
Barahmasa represents the state of separation during the course of twelve months;
Choumasa during the course of four months.These have both literary and folk forms.
In Mithila,the ordinary people have to eke out their livlihood with great difficulty and as such long separation from the near and dear ones is a common feature.These songs are the products of such separation and various poets ,now unknown ,composed or contributed to the development of these songs.
Nachari indicates songs representing direct prayer to Siva.
Mahesvani is a song about Siva. Nachari and Mahesvani are often confused and kept in common parlance but the difference between the two is real and marked.Nachari refers to the estatic dance of Siva whereas Mahesvani is sung in praise of Siva and is addressed to Manain (Menaka, the mother of Gouri).It represents the life of Siva and more specially his marriage.Vidyapati,Lalkavi,Kanharam Das,Chanda Jha and others have composed some of the best Nacharis and Mahesvanis.
The Gosaunik geet is sung in praise of Shakti and the people have been composing such songs since the days of Vidyapatis.
(Coutesy--Mithila in The Age of Vidyapati by R.K.Choudhary Pp.418-419)
Festival of Songs
This is the season of festivals in Mithila. After Durga puja this is the festivals of lights - Diwali then Bhratri dwitia, Chitragupta Puja (dawat puja), Godhan (Sukrati), Nav anna, Deo Uthaan and the great legend of Sama Chakeva and Chugla is 'played' by the women and then Chhath, when the sun god is worshipped and is asked to remove all the miseries in life. They remain standing in rivers and ponds, half submerged in water, from the wee hours and wait for Sun to rise, they offer him sweets, sugar cane, beet roots, sweet roots, citrus fruits, banana, milk etc. During this time seasonal folk songs are sung by the women folk of the sweet memory of their father's house i.e. their Naihar, their benevolent and kind brothers who posses all good qualities in the world. This is the time when Sun is worshipped. They observe fast and ask from Sun to fulfill their desire to have son, good health, for their husband, brother and every one in the family & self. Then there is festival of Godhan -the welfare of cattle and those who rear cattle.
Some samples of Folk songs :
Chhath: J
(1)
Angana mein pokhri khunayal, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
dooara par tamua tanayal, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
anchra sa galia baharab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
kerva aanab daala bheri tei par piayari oodhayab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
hathia par kalsa baisayab, tei par diya dharayab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
(2)
Kanchahi baans ker gahabar hey, aahey sobaran lagal kebaar
tahi ma sa nikuli surujmani hey, aahey kon dai ukham dolaoo
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
biheney key pahar ma domin bitiya hey
bitiya dhaniya dauriya ley aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
beti piayar supvaa ley aau
purab ranthi thar bhel hey.
bihaney ke pahar me baniayan bitiya hey,
baniayain navka kasailiya lai aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
bihaney key pahar mey tohi maalin bitiya ,
maalin satranga haar ley aau:
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
bihaney key pahar mey tohi babhan bhaiyya hey
baabhaan piayari janeuua ley aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
Sama Chakeva: r
SAMA SONGS sama songs are very popular among the Young girls of Mithila.It is an interesting festival and it begins on the seventh day of the bright half of Kartik(November) and ends on Kartik Purnima.These songs describe the pathetic story of Sama.Its origin has been traced to the Padma and the Skanda Puranas.One mischievous Shudra made a false charge of Sama's illicit connection with an ascetic to her father Krishna.Krishna grew furious and cursed her to become a Sama bird.With the help of her brotherSamba she was emancipated on the day of Kartik Purnima.Saptarshi and Vrindaban attested her virtue.Sama's husband was Charuvaktra or Chakeva. The festival is celebrated throughout Mithila with great gusto.Clay toys are made on the occasion and characters are represented by them.The last day is the saddest day when Sama is believed to have left the life of a bird and sent honourably to her husband's home.These songs ridicule the slanderer and praise the brother. This is a very interesting game,where plenty of songs and actions are exhibited. Here are a few songs showing sentiments,emotions and plenty of memories of the chidhood spent at father's house.
(Courtesy-A Survey of Maithili Literature--R.K.Choudhary.)
(1)
Koney bhaiyya aanthin aaler jhaler, koney bhaiyya aanthin pator
koney bhaiyya aanthin sankha churi, koney bhaiyya aanthin sindoor
koney bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler koney bahino pinhthin pator
koney bahina pinhthin sankha churi koney biahino pinhthin sindoor
badka bhaiya aanhthin aaler jhaaler majhla bhaiyya aanhthin pator
sainjhla bhaiyya aanhthin sankha churi chhotka bhaiyya aanhthin sindoor
badki bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler manjhli bahino pinhthin pator
sainjhli bahino pinhthin sankha churi chhotki bahino pinhthin sindoor
(2)
Gaam key adhikaari tohen majhlaa bhaiyya ho
bhaiyya haath das pokhri khunai deho
champa phul lagai deho hey
phulwa lorhei ta bahini ghami geli hey
aahey gham gelani sir key sindoor naina ker kajar ghamali hey
chhatwa lana doudal ailkhin badka bhiyya hey
baiso bahino eiho judi chhahari ki hamaro key ashish diyo
kathi bajhayab ban tittir hey
aahey kathi bajhayab raja hans chakeva
jaaley bajhayeb bahino tittir hey
aahey raub sa bajhayeb raja hans chakeva
khel karu hey bahino khel karu hey
bhaiyya jhatayal phool bahino haar guthu hey
aahey seho haar pinhthin bhaujo
bahino khel karu hey
(3)
Chanan birhich tar thath bheli bahino sey falna bahino
taakathi bahino bhai ke batiya
ehi baat aauta bhayya sey falna bhaiyyahey
dekhi lebinh bhari aankhiya
bahinya pasaari janu kanhak hey falna bahino
fatat bahino bhai key chatiya
(4)
Chaur, chaur, chaur
hamra bhaiyya kothi chaur.
chhaur chhaur chhaur
chugla ghar mein chhaur
chugla karey chugli
bilayyia karey meow
chugla key jeebh ham
nonch noonch khaun
(5)
Brindaban ma aagi laagey
koi na mijhaavey hey
hamar bhaiyya falna bhaiyaa
daud daud mijhave hey
(6)
Sama hey chakeva hey
nahiraa nai bisraiha hey
sasura ma puja pai ha hey
koral khet mei rahi ha hey
jotal khet mei rahi ha hey
rangei rang patiya oochhabhi ha hey
dhepa forhi forhi khai ha hey
os pibi pibi rahi ha hey
hamar bhai ka aasis diha hey
aagila saal pher aaiha hey
adopted
Do not consume leafy vegetables in the month of Savan and curd in Bhadab.
Keep away from the dewdrops in Aswin and avoid eating buttermilk in Kartik
Avoid the use of cumin-seed in Agahan and Coriander in Pusa.
Avoid sugar candy in Magh and gram in Phalgun.
Do not consume raw-sugar in Chait and rub mustard oil in Baishakh.
Keep away from the direct sun-heat in Jetha and avoid eating wood-apple in Asadha.
Those who follow these proscriptions strictly never need to consult a doctor and get the medicine, says the great doctor Dhanwantari.
Devotional songs: Devotional songs are then further categorized as follows:
a) Bhajan and Kirtan ‘"-- sung generally in praise of Lord Vishnu, Ganga, Shiva and Shakti.
b) Prati (Morning songs) -Reverential songs sung in the morning in praise of gods and goddesses. The major varieties of the Prati include Bhairavi, Jajamanti, Vihaga etc.
c) Gosaunik-git and Bhagabati-git -sung generally in praise of the family deities.
d) Songs of Shiva -These are further classified as i) Nachari, in which a devotee by singing and dancing explains her helplessness to the Lord and ii) Mahesbani, in which the story of Shiva and his family members are narrated.
e) The mendicant’s songs: These are the songs of the beggars or helpless. The texts express the disabled condition and distress of the singer.
Songs of love and beauty: Some songs express the inner most feelings of a lover or beloved. The most important type of such songs is called Iirahut. These are sung on ritual occasions as well as in leisure time. All aspects of love affairs are unfolded through these melodious sweet and touching songs. Iirahuts are songs on separation as well as union. The songs of this category include: Batgamani: It portrays the beloved in abhisara mainly during the point of time when she goes to meet her lover. It is sung in a peculiar melody; Gwalari: Thes are the songs of Gopis, the cowherd women that depict the sports and youthful pranks of Krishna in their company; Raasa: These are again songs that deal with Krishna’s sportive Lilas with Gopis,. Maana: These songs represent a sort of dramatic lyric and also depict the annoyance of Strimaana and request to mend matters with the Purushmaana. Besides this, Caravan songs, and folk - dramatic songs etc., also fall un
Maithili folk songs
The most important and common type of lyrical folk songs in Maithili is Tirhuti.It represents the most popular and successful indigenous lyrical expression of Tirhut and is the richest of all classes of Maithili songs.All aspects of love affairs are unfolded therein.They sing of separation as well as of union.The Tirhuti has following classifications:-
(I)Batagamani--It portrays the nayika(heroine) in abhisar, when she goes to meet her lover.It is sung out in a melody.Most of the songs are attributed to have been written by Vidyapati.
(II)Goalari--It depicts the sports and youthful pranks of Krishna in the companies of Gopis of which poet Nandipati is most successful.
(III)Raas--It deals with Krishna'ssportive lilas with Gopis.The most important writer of Ras is Sahebram Das.The influence of Brajabhasa is conspicuously perceptiblein such songs.
(IV)Maana--It represents a sort of dramatic lyric depicting the annoyance of the beloved and the request of the lovers to mend matters .Umapati is the best writer of Maana.
Other important songs are
Samadauni,Lagani,Chaitabara,Malara,Yoga,Uchiti,Sohara,Choumasa and devotional songs like Nachari,Maheshvani,Gosaunik geet and Visnupada.
(I)Samadauni:-On the occasion of the Navaratri,it is sung to bid adieu to goddess Durga.It is sung to bid farewell to ones own daughter when she goes to her husband's house after marriage.All important functions end with the singing of this song,popularly known as Bidai song.Gananath Jha and Vindhyanath Jha have made important contributions in this field.
(II)Lagani:--It is sung by village women folk in the early hours of morning while grinding grains.The classical type of Lagani embodies 4-5 stanzas.Gananath Jha has used it as a medium of fine poetry.
.(III)Chaitabar--It represents a class of foik poetry and conveys emotions of love in the month of Chaitra.(March-April) It is also known as Chaiti.
(IV)Malara--It is a seasonal song,sung generally in the dry and rainy seasons,having a distinct raga.
(V)Yoga--It is sung to bind the bridegroom and thebride,even lover beloved,by divine incantations.
(VI)Uchiti--It is sung to convey the courtsey of the host to the distinguished visitor.The Yoga and Uchiti are the two peculiar classes of Maithili songs.These two songs have both literary and folk types.The Yoga songs can be traced back to the days of Vidyapati.
Sohara,Barahmasa and Choumasa are the familiar types of all vernacular poetry and are found in almost all the languages of Bihar.
Sohar represents the birth songs.
Barahmasa represents the state of separation during the course of twelve months;
Choumasa during the course of four months.These have both literary and folk forms.
In Mithila,the ordinary people have to eke out their livlihood with great difficulty and as such long separation from the near and dear ones is a common feature.These songs are the products of such separation and various poets ,now unknown ,composed or contributed to the development of these songs.
Nachari indicates songs representing direct prayer to Siva.
Mahesvani is a song about Siva. Nachari and Mahesvani are often confused and kept in common parlance but the difference between the two is real and marked.Nachari refers to the estatic dance of Siva whereas Mahesvani is sung in praise of Siva and is addressed to Manain (Menaka, the mother of Gouri).It represents the life of Siva and more specially his marriage.Vidyapati,Lalkavi,Kanharam Das,Chanda Jha and others have composed some of the best Nacharis and Mahesvanis.
The Gosaunik geet is sung in praise of Shakti and the people have been composing such songs since the days of Vidyapatis.
(Coutesy--Mithila in The Age of Vidyapati by R.K.Choudhary Pp.418-419)
Festival of Songs
This is the season of festivals in Mithila. After Durga puja this is the festivals of lights - Diwali then Bhratri dwitia, Chitragupta Puja (dawat puja), Godhan (Sukrati), Nav anna, Deo Uthaan and the great legend of Sama Chakeva and Chugla is 'played' by the women and then Chhath, when the sun god is worshipped and is asked to remove all the miseries in life. They remain standing in rivers and ponds, half submerged in water, from the wee hours and wait for Sun to rise, they offer him sweets, sugar cane, beet roots, sweet roots, citrus fruits, banana, milk etc. During this time seasonal folk songs are sung by the women folk of the sweet memory of their father's house i.e. their Naihar, their benevolent and kind brothers who posses all good qualities in the world. This is the time when Sun is worshipped. They observe fast and ask from Sun to fulfill their desire to have son, good health, for their husband, brother and every one in the family & self. Then there is festival of Godhan -the welfare of cattle and those who rear cattle.
Some samples of Folk songs :
Chhath: J
(1)
Angana mein pokhri khunayal, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
dooara par tamua tanayal, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
anchra sa galia baharab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
kerva aanab daala bheri tei par piayari oodhayab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
hathia par kalsa baisayab, tei par diya dharayab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye
(2)
Kanchahi baans ker gahabar hey, aahey sobaran lagal kebaar
tahi ma sa nikuli surujmani hey, aahey kon dai ukham dolaoo
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
biheney key pahar ma domin bitiya hey
bitiya dhaniya dauriya ley aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
beti piayar supvaa ley aau
purab ranthi thar bhel hey.
bihaney ke pahar me baniayan bitiya hey,
baniayain navka kasailiya lai aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
bihaney key pahar mey tohi maalin bitiya ,
maalin satranga haar ley aau:
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
bihaney key pahar mey tohi babhan bhaiyya hey
baabhaan piayari janeuua ley aau
aragha ker ber bhel hey.
Sama Chakeva: r
SAMA SONGS sama songs are very popular among the Young girls of Mithila.It is an interesting festival and it begins on the seventh day of the bright half of Kartik(November) and ends on Kartik Purnima.These songs describe the pathetic story of Sama.Its origin has been traced to the Padma and the Skanda Puranas.One mischievous Shudra made a false charge of Sama's illicit connection with an ascetic to her father Krishna.Krishna grew furious and cursed her to become a Sama bird.With the help of her brotherSamba she was emancipated on the day of Kartik Purnima.Saptarshi and Vrindaban attested her virtue.Sama's husband was Charuvaktra or Chakeva. The festival is celebrated throughout Mithila with great gusto.Clay toys are made on the occasion and characters are represented by them.The last day is the saddest day when Sama is believed to have left the life of a bird and sent honourably to her husband's home.These songs ridicule the slanderer and praise the brother. This is a very interesting game,where plenty of songs and actions are exhibited. Here are a few songs showing sentiments,emotions and plenty of memories of the chidhood spent at father's house.
(Courtesy-A Survey of Maithili Literature--R.K.Choudhary.)
(1)
Koney bhaiyya aanthin aaler jhaler, koney bhaiyya aanthin pator
koney bhaiyya aanthin sankha churi, koney bhaiyya aanthin sindoor
koney bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler koney bahino pinhthin pator
koney bahina pinhthin sankha churi koney biahino pinhthin sindoor
badka bhaiya aanhthin aaler jhaaler majhla bhaiyya aanhthin pator
sainjhla bhaiyya aanhthin sankha churi chhotka bhaiyya aanhthin sindoor
badki bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler manjhli bahino pinhthin pator
sainjhli bahino pinhthin sankha churi chhotki bahino pinhthin sindoor
(2)
Gaam key adhikaari tohen majhlaa bhaiyya ho
bhaiyya haath das pokhri khunai deho
champa phul lagai deho hey
phulwa lorhei ta bahini ghami geli hey
aahey gham gelani sir key sindoor naina ker kajar ghamali hey
chhatwa lana doudal ailkhin badka bhiyya hey
baiso bahino eiho judi chhahari ki hamaro key ashish diyo
kathi bajhayab ban tittir hey
aahey kathi bajhayab raja hans chakeva
jaaley bajhayeb bahino tittir hey
aahey raub sa bajhayeb raja hans chakeva
khel karu hey bahino khel karu hey
bhaiyya jhatayal phool bahino haar guthu hey
aahey seho haar pinhthin bhaujo
bahino khel karu hey
(3)
Chanan birhich tar thath bheli bahino sey falna bahino
taakathi bahino bhai ke batiya
ehi baat aauta bhayya sey falna bhaiyyahey
dekhi lebinh bhari aankhiya
bahinya pasaari janu kanhak hey falna bahino
fatat bahino bhai key chatiya
(4)
Chaur, chaur, chaur
hamra bhaiyya kothi chaur.
chhaur chhaur chhaur
chugla ghar mein chhaur
chugla karey chugli
bilayyia karey meow
chugla key jeebh ham
nonch noonch khaun
(5)
Brindaban ma aagi laagey
koi na mijhaavey hey
hamar bhaiyya falna bhaiyaa
daud daud mijhave hey
(6)
Sama hey chakeva hey
nahiraa nai bisraiha hey
sasura ma puja pai ha hey
koral khet mei rahi ha hey
jotal khet mei rahi ha hey
rangei rang patiya oochhabhi ha hey
dhepa forhi forhi khai ha hey
os pibi pibi rahi ha hey
hamar bhai ka aasis diha hey
aagila saal pher aaiha hey
adopted
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